Efficiency evaluation of unattended convenience store based on bi-level DEA with multi-followers

As an application of digital concepts, unattended convenience stores are widely disseminated and considered one the trends future business development. It is important consideration for development to determine potential operation efficiency improve inefficient units. This paper establishes a bi-level DEA model with multi-followers uses weak disposability technology deal undesirable intermediate measures, aiming accurately evaluate performance whole system each participant. Thus, extended Kuhn-Tucker conditions applied solve proposed model. found that benefit lower subsystem always belongs maximum minimum all followers, between upper efficiency. Using case study in Chengdu area, validity practicability evaluation shown more explicit management opinions provided.